C++: completed Making the Grade

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Andrew Scott 2024-08-04 13:07:52 -04:00
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{
"authors": [
"vaeng"
],
"files": {
"solution": [
"making_the_grade.cpp"
],
"test": [
"making_the_grade_test.cpp"
],
"exemplar": [
".meta/exemplar.cpp"
]
},
"icon": "grep",
"blurb": "Learn about arrays and vectors by grading and organizing your students exam scores."
}

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{"track":"cpp","exercise":"making-the-grade","id":"9ffd875e6d974169a7bac874164ad010","url":"https://exercism.org/tracks/cpp/exercises/making-the-grade","handle":"Chomp1295","is_requester":true,"auto_approve":false}

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# Basic CMake project
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5.1)
# Get the exercise name from the current directory
get_filename_component(exercise ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} NAME)
# Name the project after the exercise
project(${exercise} CXX)
# Get a source filename from the exercise name by replacing -'s with _'s
string(REPLACE "-" "_" file ${exercise})
# Implementation could be only a header
if(EXISTS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${file}.cpp)
set(exercise_cpp ${file}.cpp)
else()
set(exercise_cpp "")
endif()
# Use the common Catch library?
if(EXERCISM_COMMON_CATCH)
# For Exercism track development only
add_executable(${exercise} ${file}_test.cpp $<TARGET_OBJECTS:catchlib>)
elseif(EXERCISM_TEST_SUITE)
# The Exercism test suite is being run, the Docker image already
# includes a pre-built version of Catch.
find_package(Catch2 REQUIRED)
add_executable(${exercise} ${file}_test.cpp)
target_link_libraries(${exercise} PRIVATE Catch2::Catch2WithMain)
# When Catch is installed system wide we need to include a different
# header, we need this define to use the correct one.
target_compile_definitions(${exercise} PRIVATE EXERCISM_TEST_SUITE)
else()
# Build executable from sources and headers
add_executable(${exercise} ${file}_test.cpp test/tests-main.cpp)
endif()
set_target_properties(${exercise} PROPERTIES
CXX_STANDARD 17
CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED OFF
CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF
)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug)
if("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "(GNU|Clang)")
set_target_properties(${exercise} PROPERTIES
# added "-Wno-unused-parameter" to remove compiler warnings
# should make it easier for students to run their first real code
# ignore sign compare, students don't know unsigned yet
COMPILE_FLAGS "-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-sign-compare"
)
endif()
# Configure to run all the tests?
if(${EXERCISM_RUN_ALL_TESTS})
target_compile_definitions(${exercise} PRIVATE EXERCISM_RUN_ALL_TESTS)
endif()
# Tell MSVC not to warn us about unchecked iterators in debug builds
if(${MSVC})
set_target_properties(${exercise} PROPERTIES
COMPILE_DEFINITIONS_DEBUG _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
endif()
# Run the tests on every build
add_custom_target(test_${exercise} ALL DEPENDS ${exercise} COMMAND ${exercise})

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# Help
## Running the tests
Running the tests involves running `cmake -G` and then using the build command appropriate for your platform.
Detailed instructions on how to do this can be found on the [Running the Tests][cpp-tests-instructions] page for C++ on exercism.org.
## Passing the Tests
When you start a new exercise locally, the files are configured so that only the first test is performed.
Get that first test compiling, linking and passing by following the [three rules of test-driven development][three-laws-of-tdd].
Create just enough structure by declaring namespaces, functions, classes, etc., to satisfy any compiler errors and get the test to fail.
Then write just enough code to get the test to pass.
Once you've done that, uncomment the next test by moving the line `if defined(EXERCISM_RUN_ALL_TESTS)` past the next test.
See the example below from the Bob exercise (file `bob_test.cpp`, line 15):
```diff
-#if defined(EXERCISM_RUN_ALL_TESTS)
TEST_CASE("shouting")
{
REQUIRE("Whoa, chill out!" == bob::hey("WATCH OUT!"));
}
+#if defined(EXERCISM_RUN_ALL_TESTS)
```
Moving this line past the next test may result in compile errors as new constructs may be invoked that you haven't yet declared or defined.
Again, fix the compile errors minimally to get a failing test, then change the code minimally to pass the test, refactor your implementation for readability and expressiveness and then go on to the next test.
Try to use standard C++17 facilities in preference to writing your own low-level algorithms or facilities by hand.
[cpp-tests-instructions]: https://exercism.org/docs/tracks/cpp/tests
[three-laws-of-tdd]: http://butunclebob.com/ArticleS.UncleBob.TheThreeRulesOfTdd
## Submitting your solution
You can submit your solution using the `exercism submit making_the_grade.cpp` command.
This command will upload your solution to the Exercism website and print the solution page's URL.
It's possible to submit an incomplete solution which allows you to:
- See how others have completed the exercise
- Request help from a mentor
## Need to get help?
If you'd like help solving the exercise, check the following pages:
- The [C++ track's documentation](https://exercism.org/docs/tracks/cpp)
- The [C++ track's programming category on the forum](https://forum.exercism.org/c/programming/cpp)
- [Exercism's programming category on the forum](https://forum.exercism.org/c/programming/5)
- The [Frequently Asked Questions](https://exercism.org/docs/using/faqs)
Should those resources not suffice, you could submit your (incomplete) solution to request mentoring.
To get help if you're having trouble, you can use one of the following resources:
- [`c++-faq` tag on StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/tags/c%2b%2b-faq/info)
- [C++ FAQ from isocpp.com](https://isocpp.org/faq)
- [CppReference](http://en.cppreference.com/) is a wiki reference to the C++ language and standard library
- [C traps and pitfalls](http://www.slideshare.net/LegalizeAdulthood/c-traps-and-pitfalls-for-c-programmers) is useful if you are new to C++, but have programmed in C

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# Hints
## General
- `while` loops are used for _indefinite_ (uncounted) iteration
- `for` loops are used for _definite_, (counted) iteration.
- The keywords `break` and `continue` help customize loop behavior.
- `std::to_string()` from `string` library can be used to convert a integer to string
Also being familiar with the following can help with completing the tasks:
- [`vectors`][vectors]: indexing, size, [`<vector>.emplace_back`][emplace], [`<vector>.pop_back()`][pop].
- [`string`][string]: using the `+` to concatenate strings, integer to string conversion, [`to_string`][to\_string].
## 1. Rounding Scores
- `While` loops will continue to execute until their test condition evaluates to `False`.
- `<vector>.back()` will return the last item in a `vector`.
- `<vector>.pop_back()` will remove the last item in a `vector`.
## 2. Non-Passing Students
- A results counter does need to be set up and _incremented_ -- you'll want to `return` the count of non-passing students when the loop terminates.
## 3. The "Best"
- - Having an empty `vector` to add the "best" marks to is helpful here.
- `<vector>.emplace_back()` can help add things to the results `vector`.
## 4. Calculating Letter Grades
- These are _lower thresholds_. The _lower threshold_ for a "D" is a score of **41**, since an "F" is **<= 40**.
- `static_cast<int>` without parameters should round off increments nicely.
- You are expected to return an array, not a vector.
## 5. Matching Names to Scores
- If both containers are the same length and sorted the same way, could you use the `index` from one to retrieve a `value` from the other?
- `std::to_string(int)` can be used to convert a number to string.
- Don't forget the follow the format of the example's output.
## 6. A "Perfect" Score
- There may be or may not be a student with a score of 100, and you can't return an empty string without checking **all** scores.
- The `control flow` statements `continue` and `break` may be useful here to move past unwanted values.
[vectors]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector
[string]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string
[to\_string]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/to_string
[emplace]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/emplace_back
[pop]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/pop_back

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# Making the Grade
Welcome to Making the Grade on Exercism's C++ Track.
If you need help running the tests or submitting your code, check out `HELP.md`.
If you get stuck on the exercise, check out `HINTS.md`, but try and solve it without using those first :)
## Introduction
## Arrays and Vectors
C++ offers different containers to store elements of the same type in an ordered way.
There is `std::array` for containers of a fixed size and `std::vector`, which comes with dynamic resizing capabilities.
### Construction
When you declare an array or a vector you need to specify the type of elements, that container will hold.
Arrays also need a size.
Look at these examples to see the two container types' initializations:
```cpp
#include <array>
#include <string>
// std::array<element_type, size> variable_name {list of elements}
std::array<std::string, 3> indie_rock {"yeah", "yeah", "yeah"};
// indie_rock contains the elements "yeah" three times
```
Vectors usually need more space, as they allocate memory for further growth.
You do not need to specify a size:
```cpp
#include <vector>
// std::vector<element_type> variable_name {list of elements}
std::vector<int> countdown {3, 2, 1};
// countdown contains the elements 3, 2 and 1
```
> Note: You do not need to know the exact mechanics behind the template concept yet, it will have its own concept further down the syllabus tree.
### Element access
Vectors and arrays share the same functions to access their elements.
You can use the member functions `front` and `back` to get the first and last elements of the container.
There is also `at` and the `[]` operator to access specific elements.
```cpp
countdown[0];
// => 3
countdown.at(2);
// => 1
countdown[1] = 4;
// countdown now contains 3, 4 and 1
indie_rock.back() = "yeahs";
// indie_rock is now "yeah", "yeah", "yeahs"
```
> Note: If you pick a position that is not in the range of your container, `[]` might lead to undefined behavior.
> The `at` function would raise an exception, which might make your life easier in the long term.
### Vector modifiers
As a `vector` is not fixed in size, it is possible to add or remove elements.
Two common functions for that purpose are `emplace_back` and `pop_back`.
```cpp
std::vector<std::string> witches {"Holly", "Alyssa", "Shannen"};
witches.pop_back();
// Shannen is no longer with the witches
witches.emplace_back("Rose");
// Rose has joined the team
```
### Capacity
You can check the containers for emptiness with the member function `empty`.
If you want to know the number of elements, you can use `size`.
## Instructions
You're a teaching assistant correcting student exams.
Keeping track of results manually is getting both tedious and mistake-prone.
You decide to make things a little more interesting by putting together some functions to count and calculate results for the class.
## 1. Rounding Scores
While you can give "partial credit" on exam questions, overall exam scores have to be `int`s.
So before you can do anything else with the class scores, you need to go through the grades and turn any `double` scores into `int`s.
Create the function `round_down_scores()` that takes a `vector` of `student_scores`.
The schools' requested rounding is a truncation.
Lucky for you, C++ can cast one type into another with `static_cast`.
The `static_cast` conversion from `double` to `int` cuts off any digit after the decimal.
This function should take the input `vector` and `return` a new vector with all the scores converted to `int`s.
```cpp
std::vector<double> student_scores {90.33, 40.5, 55.44, 70.05, 30.55, 25.45, 80.45, 95.3, 38.7, 40.3};
round_down_scores(student_scores)
// => {90, 40, 55, 70, 30, 25, 80, 95, 38, 40}
```
## 2. Non-Passing Students
As you were grading the exam, you noticed some students weren't performing as well as you'd hoped.
But you were distracted, and forgot to note exactly _how many_ students.
Create the function `count_failed_students()` that takes a `vector` of `student_scores`.
This function should count up the number of students who don't have passing scores and return that count as an integer.
A student needs a score greater than **40** to achieve a passing grade on the exam.
```cpp
count_failed_students({90,40,55,70,30,25,80,95,38,40});
// => 5
```
## 3. The "Best"
The teacher you're assisting wants to find the group of students who've performed "the best" on this exam.
What qualifies as "the best" fluctuates, so you need to find the student scores that are **greater than or equal to** the current threshold.
Create the function `above_threshold()` taking `student_scores` (a `vector` of grades), and `threshold` (an `int`, the "top score" threshold) as parameters.
This function should return a `vector` of all scores that are `>=` to `threshold`.
```cpp
above_threshold({90,40,55,70,30,68,70,75,83,96}, 75);
// => {90,75,83,96}
```
## 4. Calculating Letter Grades
The teacher you're assisting likes to assign letter grades as well as numeric scores.
Since students rarely score 100 on an exam, the "letter grade" lower thresholds are calculated based on the highest score achieved, and increment evenly between the high score and the failing threshold of **<= 40**.
Create the function `letter_grades()` that takes the "highest" score on the exam as a parameter, and returns an `array` (not a vector) of lower score thresholds for each "American style" grade interval: `["D", "C", "B", "A"]`.
```cpp
/*Where the highest score is 100, and failing is <= 40.
"F" <= 40
41 <= "D" <= 55
56 <= "C" <= 70
71 <= "B" <= 85
86 <= "A" <= 100
*/
letter_grades(100);
// => {41, 56, 71, 86}
/*Where the highest score is 88, and failing is <= 40.
"F" <= 40
41 <= "D" <= 52
53 <= "C" <= 64
65 <= "B" <= 76
77 <= "A" <= 88
*/
letter_grades(88);
// => {41, 53, 65, 77}
```
## 5. Matching Names to Scores
You have exam scores in descending order, and the respective student names (sorted in the order of their exam scores).
You would like to match each student's name with their exam score and print out an overall class ranking.
Create the function `student_ranking()` with parameters `student_scores` and `student_names`.
Match each student name on the student_names `vector` with their score from the student_scores `vector`.
You can assume each argument `vector` is sorted from highest score(er) to lowest score(er).
The function should return a `vector` of strings with the format `<rank>. <student name>: <student score>`.
```cpp
std::vector<int> student_scores {100, 99, 90, 84, 66, 53, 47};
std::vector<std::string> student_names {"Joci", "Sara","Kora","Jan","Indra","Bern", "Fred"};
student_ranking(student_scores, student_names)
// =>
// {"1. Joci: 100", "2. Sara: 99", "3. Kora: 90", "4. Jan: 84", "5. Indra: 66", "6. Bern: 53", "7. Fred: 47"}
```
## 6. A "Perfect" Score
Although a "perfect" score of 100 is rare on an exam, it is interesting to know if at least one student has achieved it.
Create the function `perfect_score()` with parameters `student_scores` and `student_names`.
The lists are the same as in task 5.
The function should `return` _the first_ `<name>` (as a string) of the student who scored 100 on the exam.
If no 100 scores are found, an empty string `""` should be returned.
```cpp
perfect_score({"Nur", "Tony", "Fatima"}, {90, 80, 100});
// => "Fatima"
perfect_score({"Nur", "Tony"}, {90, 80});
// => ""
```
## Source
### Created by
- @vaeng

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#include <array>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
// Round down all provided student scores.
std::vector<int> round_down_scores(std::vector<double> student_scores) {
return std::vector<int>(student_scores.begin(), student_scores.end());
}
// Count the number of failing students out of the group provided.
int count_failed_students(std::vector<int> student_scores) {
int count{0};
for (auto score : student_scores) {
if (score <= 40)
count++;
}
return count;
}
// Determine how many of the provided student scores were 'the best' based on
// the provided threshold.
std::vector<int> above_threshold(std::vector<int> student_scores,
int threshold) {
std::vector<int> res;
for (auto score : student_scores) {
if (score >= threshold)
res.push_back(score);
}
return res;
}
// Create a list of grade thresholds based on the provided highest grade.
std::array<int, 4> letter_grades(int highest_score) {
int step{(highest_score - 40) / 4};
std::array<int, 4> grades{41, 0, 0, 0};
for (int i{1}; i < 4; ++i) {
grades[i] += grades[i - 1] + step;
}
return grades;
}
// Organize the student's rank, name, and grade information in ascending order.
std::vector<std::string>
student_ranking(std::vector<int> student_scores,
std::vector<std::string> student_names) {
std::vector<std::string> res;
int rank = 1;
for (int i{0}; i < student_scores.size(); i++, rank++) {
res.push_back(std::to_string(rank) + "." + " " + student_names[i] + ": " +
std::to_string(student_scores[i]));
}
return res;
}
// Create a string that contains the name of the first student to make a perfect
// score on the exam.
std::string perfect_score(std::vector<int> student_scores,
std::vector<std::string> student_names) {
for (int i{0}; i < student_scores.size(); i++) {
if (student_scores[i] == 100) {
return student_names[i];
}
}
return "";
}

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#include "making_the_grade.cpp"
#ifdef EXERCISM_TEST_SUITE
#include <catch2/catch.hpp>
#else
#include "test/catch.hpp"
#endif
using namespace std;
TEST_CASE("Check correct mark conversion (empty)", "[task_1]") {
vector<double> input{};
vector<int> expected{};
vector<int> actual = round_down_scores(input);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Check correct mark conversion (all < 0.5)", "[task_1]") {
vector<double> input{5.2, 77.1, 91.0};
vector<int> expected{5, 77, 91};
vector<int> actual = round_down_scores(input);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Check correct mark conversion (all mixed)", "[task_1]") {
vector<double> input{5.2, 77.1, 91.0, 42.9, 11.6544};
vector<int> expected{5, 77, 91, 42, 11};
vector<int> actual = round_down_scores(input);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Count failed students (none failed)", "[task_2]") {
vector<int> input{89, 85, 42, 57, 90, 100, 95, 48, 70, 96};
int expected{0};
int actual = count_failed_students(input);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Count failed students (some failed)", "[task_2]") {
vector<int> input{40, 40, 35, 70, 30, 41, 90};
int expected{4};
int actual = count_failed_students(input);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Test threshold (empty)", "[task_3]") {
vector<int> input{};
int threshold{98};
vector<int> expected{};
vector<int> actual = above_threshold(input, threshold);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Test threshold (some above threshold)", "[task_3]") {
vector<int> input{88, 29, 91, 64, 78, 43, 41, 77, 36, 50};
int threshold{80};
vector<int> expected{88, 91};
vector<int> actual = above_threshold(input, threshold);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Test threshold (none above threshold)", "[task_3]") {
vector<int> input{88, 29, 91, 64, 78, 43, 41, 77, 36, 50};
int threshold{99};
vector<int> expected{};
vector<int> actual = above_threshold(input, threshold);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Test threshold (some on threshold)", "[task_3]") {
vector<int> input{88, 29, 91, 64, 78, 43, 41, 77, 80, 80};
int threshold{80};
vector<int> expected{88, 91, 80, 80};
vector<int> actual = above_threshold(input, threshold);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Test letter grades: 100", "[task_4]") {
int input{100};
array<int, 4> expected{41, 56, 71, 86};
array<int, 4> actual = letter_grades(input);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Test letter grades: 97", "[task_4]") {
int input{97};
array<int, 4> expected{41, 55, 69, 83};
array<int, 4> actual = letter_grades(input);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Test letter grades: 81", "[task_4]") {
int input{81};
array<int, 4> expected{41, 51, 61, 71};
array<int, 4> actual = letter_grades(input);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Rank one student", "[task_5]") {
vector<int> grades{82};
vector<string> names{"Betty"};
vector<string> expected{"1. Betty: 82"};
vector<string> actual = student_ranking(grades, names);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Rank several student", "[task_5]") {
vector<int> grades{100, 98, 92, 86, 70, 68, 67, 60};
vector<string> names{"Rui", "Betty", "Joci", "Yoshi",
"Kora", "Bern", "Jan", "Rose"};
vector<string> expected{"1. Rui: 100", "2. Betty: 98", "3. Joci: 92",
"4. Yoshi: 86", "5. Kora: 70", "6. Bern: 68",
"7. Jan: 67", "8. Rose: 60"};
vector<string> actual = student_ranking(grades, names);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("No perfect score", "[task_6]") {
vector<int> grades{11, 34, 92, 23, 70, 76, 67, 60};
vector<string> names{"Rui", "Betty", "Joci", "Yoshi",
"Kora", "Bern", "Jan", "Rose"};
string expected{""};
string actual = perfect_score(grades, names);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("One perfect score", "[task_6]") {
vector<int> grades{11, 34, 92, 23, 70, 76, 67, 100};
vector<string> names{"Rui", "Betty", "Joci", "Yoshi",
"Kora", "Bern", "Jan", "Rose"};
string expected{"Rose"};
string actual = perfect_score(grades, names);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
TEST_CASE("Several perfect scores", "[task_6]") {
vector<int> grades{11, 100, 92, 23, 70, 100, 67, 100};
vector<string> names{"Rui", "Betty", "Joci", "Yoshi",
"Kora", "Bern", "Jan", "Rose"};
string expected{"Betty"};
string actual = perfect_score(grades, names);
REQUIRE(expected == actual);
}
#if defined(EXERCISM_RUN_ALL_TESTS)
#endif

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#define CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN
#include "catch.hpp"