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Merge branch 'ratfactor:main' into testing
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101
README.md
101
README.md
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@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
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# Ziglings
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Welcome to Ziglings! This project contains a series of tiny broken programs (and one nasty surprise).
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By fixing them, you'll learn how to read and write [Zig](https://ziglang.org/) code.
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Welcome to Ziglings! This project contains a series of tiny
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broken programs (and one nasty surprise). By fixing them, you'll
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learn how to read and write [Zig](https://ziglang.org/) code.
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Those broken programs need your help! (You'll also save the planet from
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evil aliens and help some friendly elephants stick together, which is very
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sweet of you.)
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Those broken programs need your help! (You'll also save the
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planet from evil aliens and help some friendly elephants stick
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together, which is very sweet of you.)
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This project was directly inspired by the brilliant and fun
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[rustlings](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings)
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@ -17,24 +18,28 @@ and the Little LISPer/Little Schemer series of books.
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## Intended Audience
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This will probably be difficult if you've _never_ programmed before.
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But no specific programming experience is required. And in particular,
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you are _not_ expected to have any prior experience with "systems programming"
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or a "systems" level language such as C.
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This will probably be difficult if you've _never_ programmed
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before. But no specific programming experience is required. And
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in particular, you are _not_ expected to have any prior
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experience with "systems programming" or a "systems" level
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language such as C.
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Each exercise is self-contained and self-explained. However, you're encouraged
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to also check out these Zig language resources for more detail:
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Each exercise is self-contained and self-explained. However,
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you're encouraged to also check out these Zig language resources
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for more detail:
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* https://ziglang.org/learn/
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* https://ziglearn.org/
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* https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/
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Also, the [Zig community](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/wiki/Community) is incredibly friendly and helpful!
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Also, the [Zig community](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/wiki/Community)
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is incredibly friendly and helpful!
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## Getting Started
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Install a [development build](https://ziglang.org/download/) of the Zig compiler.
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(See the "master" section of the downloads page.)
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Install a [development build](https://ziglang.org/download/) of
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the Zig compiler. (See the "master" section of the downloads
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page.)
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Verify the installation and build number of `zig` like so:
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@ -56,23 +61,30 @@ Then run `zig build` and follow the instructions to begin!
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$ zig build
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```
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Note: The output of Ziglings is the unaltered output from the Zig
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compiler. Part of the purpose of Ziglings is to acclimate you to
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reading these.
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## A Note About Versions
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The Zig language is under very active development. In order to be current,
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Ziglings tracks **development** builds of the Zig compiler rather than
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versioned **release** builds. The last stable release was `0.10.1`, but Ziglings
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needs a dev build with pre-release version "0.11.0" and a build number at least
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as high as that shown in the example version check above.
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The Zig language is under very active development. In order to be
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current, Ziglings tracks **development** builds of the Zig
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compiler rather than versioned **release** builds. The last
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stable release was `0.10.1`, but Ziglings needs a dev build with
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pre-release version "0.11.0" and a build number at least as high
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as that shown in the example version check above.
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It is likely that you'll download a build which is _greater_ than the minimum.
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It is likely that you'll download a build which is _greater_ than
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the minimum.
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_(For those who cannot easily update Zig, there are also community-supported
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branches in this repo. At the moment, there's one for v0.8.1. Older version
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branches may or may not have all exercises and/or bugfixes.)_
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_(For those who cannot easily update Zig, there are also
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community-supported branches in this repo. At the moment, there's
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one for v0.8.1. Older version branches may or may not have all
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exercises and/or bugfixes.)_
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Once you have a build of the Zig compiler that works with Ziglings, they'll
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continue to work together. But keep in mind that if you update one, you may
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need to also update the other.
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Once you have a build of the Zig compiler that works with
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Ziglings, they'll continue to work together. But keep in mind
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that if you update one, you may need to also update the other.
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### Version Changes
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@ -98,8 +110,8 @@ Version-0.11.0-dev.2704+83970b6d9
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## Advanced Usage
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It can be handy to check just a single exercise or _start_ from a single
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exercise:
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It can be handy to check just a single exercise or _start_ from a
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single exercise:
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```
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zig build -Dn=19
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@ -112,15 +124,15 @@ You can also run without checking for correctness:
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zig build -Dn=19 test
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```
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Or skip the build system entirely and interact directly with the compiler
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if you're into that sort of thing:
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Or skip the build system entirely and interact directly with the
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compiler if you're into that sort of thing:
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```
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zig run exercises/001_hello.zig
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```
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Calling all wizards: To prepare an executable for debugging, install it
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to zig-cache/bin with:
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Calling all wizards: To prepare an executable for debugging,
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install it to zig-cache/bin with:
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```
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zig build -Dn=19 install
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@ -131,9 +143,9 @@ To get a list of all possible options, run:
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```
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zig build -Dn=19 -l
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install Install 019_functions2.zig to prefix path
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uninstall Uninstall 019_functions2.zig from prefix path
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test Run 019_functions2.zig without checking output
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install Install 019_functions2.zig to prefix path
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uninstall Uninstall 019_functions2.zig from prefix path
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test Run 019_functions2.zig without checking output
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...
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```
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@ -144,11 +156,12 @@ The primary goal for Ziglings is to cover the core Zig language.
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It would be nice to cover the Standard Library as well, but this
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is currently challenging because the stdlib is evolving even
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faster than the core language (and that's saying something!).
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Not only would stdlib coverage change very rapidly, some exercises might even cease to be relevant entirely.
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Not only would stdlib coverage change very rapidly, some
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exercises might even cease to be relevant entirely.
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Having said that, there are some stdlib features that are probably here
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to stay or are so important to understand that they are worth the
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extra effort to keep current.
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Having said that, there are some stdlib features that are
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probably here to stay or are so important to understand that they
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are worth the extra effort to keep current.
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Conspicuously absent from Ziglings are a lot of string
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manipulation exercises. This is because Zig itself largely avoids
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@ -199,13 +212,13 @@ Zig Standard Library
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## Contributing
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Contributions are very welcome! I'm writing this to teach myself and to create
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the learning resource I wished for. There will be tons of room for improvement:
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Contributions are very welcome! I'm writing this to teach myself
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and to create the learning resource I wished for. There will be
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tons of room for improvement:
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* Wording of explanations
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* Idiomatic usage of Zig
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* Additional exercises
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Please see [CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/ratfactor/ziglings/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) in this repo for the full details.
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Please see [CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/ratfactor/ziglings/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)
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in this repo for the full details.
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58
build.zig
58
build.zig
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@ -111,7 +111,6 @@ pub fn build(b: *Build) !void {
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}
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const logo =
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\\
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\\ _ _ _
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\\ ___(_) __ _| (_)_ __ __ _ ___
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\\ |_ | |/ _' | | | '_ \ / _' / __|
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@ -119,6 +118,8 @@ pub fn build(b: *Build) !void {
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\\ /___|_|\__, |_|_|_| |_|\__, |___/
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\\ |___/ |___/
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\\
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\\ "Look out! Broken programs below!"
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\\
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\\
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;
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@ -259,18 +260,24 @@ const ZiglingStep = struct {
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const exe_path = self.compile(prog_node) catch {
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if (self.exercise.hint) |hint|
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print("\n{s}HINT: {s}{s}", .{ bold_text, hint, reset_text });
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print("\n{s}Ziglings hint: {s}{s}", .{ bold_text, hint, reset_text });
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self.help();
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std.os.exit(1);
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// NOTE: Returning 0 'success' status because the *exercise* failed,
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// but Ziglings did not. Otherwise the learner will see this message:
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// "error: the following build command failed with exit code 1:..."
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std.os.exit(0);
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};
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self.run(exe_path, prog_node) catch {
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if (self.exercise.hint) |hint|
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print("\n{s}HINT: {s}{s}", .{ bold_text, hint, reset_text });
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print("\n{s}Ziglings hint: {s}{s}", .{ bold_text, hint, reset_text });
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self.help();
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std.os.exit(1);
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// NOTE: See note above!
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std.os.exit(0);
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};
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}
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@ -397,11 +404,12 @@ const ZiglingStep = struct {
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print("\n", .{});
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},
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error.ZigIPCError => {
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print("{s}{s}: The following command failed to communicate the compilation result:{s}\n", .{
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red_text, self.exercise.main_file, reset_text,
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});
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for (argv) |v| print("{s} ", .{v});
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print("\n", .{});
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// Commenting this out for now. It always shows up when compilation fails.
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//print("{s}{s}: The following command failed to communicate the compilation result:{s}\n", .{
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// red_text, self.exercise.main_file, reset_text,
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//});
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//for (argv) |v| print("{s} ", .{v});
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//print("\n", .{});
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},
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else => {
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print("{s}{s}: Unexpected error: {s}{s}\n", .{
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fn help(self: *ZiglingStep) void {
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const path = self.exercise.main_file;
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const key = self.exercise.key();
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print("\n{s}Edit exercises/{s} and run 'zig build' again.{s}\n", .{
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red_text, path, reset_text,
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});
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const format =
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\\
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\\{s}To compile only this exercise, you can also use this command:{s}
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\\{s}zig build -Dn={s}{s}
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\\
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\\
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;
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print(format, .{ red_text, reset_text, bold_text, key, reset_text });
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// NOTE: The README explains this "advanced feature" if anyone wishes to use
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// it. Otherwise, beginners are thinking they *have* to do this.
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//const key = self.exercise.key();
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//const format =
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// \\
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// \\{s}To compile only this exercise, you can also use this command:{s}
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// \\{s}zig build -Dn={s}{s}
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// \\
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// \\
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//;
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//print(format, .{ red_text, reset_text, bold_text, key, reset_text });
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}
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fn printErrors(self: *ZiglingStep) void {
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@ -691,10 +701,12 @@ const exercises = [_]Exercise{
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.output = "Hello world!",
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.hint =
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\\DON'T PANIC!
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\\Read the error above.
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\\See how it has something to do with 'main'?
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\\Open up the source file as noted and read the comments.
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\\You can do this!
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\\Read the compiler messages above. (Something about 'main'?)
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\\Open up the source file as noted below and read the comments.
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\\
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\\(Hints like these will occasionally show up, but for the
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\\most part, you'll be taking directions from the Zig
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\\compiler itself.)
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\\
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,
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},
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