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https://codeberg.org/andyscott/ziglings.git
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fix whitespace line-endings
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parent
4c7eebbbfc
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19 changed files with 26 additions and 27 deletions
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
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// have a little preview of Zig 'for' loops instead:
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// have a little preview of Zig 'for' loops instead:
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//
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//
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// for (<item array>) |item| { <do something with item> }
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// for (<item array>) |item| { <do something with item> }
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//
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//
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// Don't worry, we'll cover looping properly in upcoming
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// Don't worry, we'll cover looping properly in upcoming
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// lessons.
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// lessons.
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//
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//
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@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ pub fn main() void {
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0b1101000, // binary
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0b1101000, // binary
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0x66, // hex
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0x66, // hex
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};
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};
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print("{s} is cool.\n", .{zig});
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print("{s} is cool.\n", .{zig});
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}
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}
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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
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// | exponent significand
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// | exponent significand
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// |
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// |
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// sign
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// sign
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//
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//
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// This example is the decimal number 3.140625, which happens to
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// This example is the decimal number 3.140625, which happens to
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// be the closest representation of Pi we can make with an f16
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// be the closest representation of Pi we can make with an f16
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// due to the way IEEE-754 floating points store digits:
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// due to the way IEEE-754 floating points store digits:
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@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ pub fn main() void {
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//
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//
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// Fun fact: sometimes you'll see the significand labeled as a
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// Fun fact: sometimes you'll see the significand labeled as a
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// "mantissa" but Donald E. Knuth says not to do that.
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// "mantissa" but Donald E. Knuth says not to do that.
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//
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//
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// C compatibility fact: There is also a Zig floating point type
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// C compatibility fact: There is also a Zig floating point type
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// specifically for working with C ABIs called c_longdouble.
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// specifically for working with C ABIs called c_longdouble.
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
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// const arr: [3]u8 = [3]u8{5, 6, 7};
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// const arr: [3]u8 = [3]u8{5, 6, 7};
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// const s: []const u8 = &arr; // to slice
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// const s: []const u8 = &arr; // to slice
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// const p: [*]const u8 = &arr; // to many-item pointer
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// const p: [*]const u8 = &arr; // to many-item pointer
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//
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//
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// 4. Single-item mutable pointers can coerce to single-item
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// 4. Single-item mutable pointers can coerce to single-item
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// pointers pointing to an array of length 1. (Interesting!)
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// pointers pointing to an array of length 1. (Interesting!)
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//
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//
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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//
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//
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// The Zig compiler provides "builtin" functions. You've already
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// The Zig compiler provides "builtin" functions. You've already
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// gotten used to seeing an @import() at the top of every
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// gotten used to seeing an @import() at the top of every
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// Ziglings exercise.
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// Ziglings exercise.
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//
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//
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// We've also seen @intCast() in "016_for2.zig", "058_quiz7.zig";
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// We've also seen @intCast() in "016_for2.zig", "058_quiz7.zig";
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// and @enumToInt() in "036_enums2.zig".
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// and @enumToInt() in "036_enums2.zig".
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@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
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// 1111 + 1 = 0000 Yes! (Real answer is 10000)
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// 1111 + 1 = 0000 Yes! (Real answer is 10000)
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// 0000 + 1 = 0001 Yes!
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// 0000 + 1 = 0001 Yes!
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// 0001 + 1 = 0010 Yes!
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// 0001 + 1 = 0010 Yes!
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//
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//
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// Also, check out our fancy formatting! b:0>4 means, "print
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// Also, check out our fancy formatting! b:0>4 means, "print
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// as a binary number, zero-pad right-aligned four digits."
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// as a binary number, zero-pad right-aligned four digits."
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print("{b:0>4} + {b:0>4} = {b:0>4} ({})", .{a, b, my_result, overflowed});
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print("{b:0>4} + {b:0>4} = {b:0>4} ({})", .{a, b, my_result, overflowed});
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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//
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//
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// Zig has builtins for mathematical operations such as...
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// Zig has builtins for mathematical operations such as...
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//
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//
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// @sqrt @sin @cos
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// @sqrt @sin @cos
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// @exp @log @floor
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// @exp @log @floor
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//
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//
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// ...and lots of type casting operations such as...
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// ...and lots of type casting operations such as...
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@ -20,18 +20,18 @@
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// by exploring just THREE of Zig's MANY introspection abilities:
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// by exploring just THREE of Zig's MANY introspection abilities:
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//
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//
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// 1. @This() type
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// 1. @This() type
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//
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//
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// Returns the innermost struct, enum, or union that a function
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// Returns the innermost struct, enum, or union that a function
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// call is inside.
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// call is inside.
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//
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//
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// 2. @typeInfo(comptime T: type) @import("std").builtin.TypeInfo
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// 2. @typeInfo(comptime T: type) @import("std").builtin.TypeInfo
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//
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//
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// Returns information about any type in a TypeInfo union which
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// Returns information about any type in a TypeInfo union which
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// will contain different information depending on which type
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// will contain different information depending on which type
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// you're examining.
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// you're examining.
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//
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//
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// 3. @TypeOf(...) type
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// 3. @TypeOf(...) type
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//
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//
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// Returns the type common to all input parameters (each of which
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// Returns the type common to all input parameters (each of which
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// may be any expression). The type is resolved using the same
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// may be any expression). The type is resolved using the same
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// "peer type resolution" process the compiler itself uses when
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// "peer type resolution" process the compiler itself uses when
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ const Narcissus = struct {
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me: *Narcissus = undefined,
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me: *Narcissus = undefined,
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myself: *Narcissus = undefined,
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myself: *Narcissus = undefined,
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echo: void = undefined,
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echo: void = undefined,
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fn fetchTheMostBeautifulType() type {
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fn fetchTheMostBeautifulType() type {
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return @This();
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return @This();
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}
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}
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
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//
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//
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// Zig takes these concepts further by making these optimizations
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// Zig takes these concepts further by making these optimizations
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// an integral part of the language itself!
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// an integral part of the language itself!
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//
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//
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const print = @import("std").debug.print;
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const print = @import("std").debug.print;
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pub fn main() void {
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pub fn main() void {
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
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// --o-- comptime * | .. .
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// --o-- comptime * | .. .
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// * | * . . . . --*-- . * .
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// * | * . . . . --*-- . * .
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// . . . . . . . . . | . . .
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// . . . . . . . . . | . . .
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//
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//
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// When placed before a variable declaration, 'comptime'
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// When placed before a variable declaration, 'comptime'
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// guarantees that every usage of that variable will be performed
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// guarantees that every usage of that variable will be performed
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// at compile time.
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// at compile time.
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@ -49,6 +49,6 @@ fn makeSequence(comptime T: type, ??? size: usize) [???]T {
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while (i < size) : (i += 1) {
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while (i < size) : (i += 1) {
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sequence[i] = @intCast(T, i) + 1;
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sequence[i] = @intCast(T, i) + 1;
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}
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}
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return sequence;
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return sequence;
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}
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}
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@ -140,6 +140,6 @@ fn isADuck(possible_duck: anytype) bool {
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// error, not a runtime panic or crash!
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// error, not a runtime panic or crash!
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possible_duck.quack();
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possible_duck.quack();
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}
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}
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return is_duck;
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return is_duck;
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}
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}
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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
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'*' => value *= digit,
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'*' => value *= digit,
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else => unreachable,
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else => unreachable,
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}
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}
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// ...But it's quite a bit more exciting than it first appears.
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// ...But it's quite a bit more exciting than it first appears.
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// The 'inline while' no longer exists at runtime and neither
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// The 'inline while' no longer exists at runtime and neither
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// does anything else not touched directly by runtime
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// does anything else not touched directly by runtime
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// code. The 'instructions' string, for example, does not
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// code. The 'instructions' string, for example, does not
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@ -61,6 +61,6 @@ pub fn main() void {
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// code at compile time. Guess we're compiler writers
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// code at compile time. Guess we're compiler writers
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// now. See? The wizard hat was justified after all.
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// now. See? The wizard hat was justified after all.
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}
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}
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print("{}\n", .{value});
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print("{}\n", .{value});
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}
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}
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@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ fn getLlama(i: usize) u32 {
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}
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}
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// Fun fact: this assert() function is identical to
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// Fun fact: this assert() function is identical to
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// std.debug.assert() from the Zig Standard Library.
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// std.debug.assert() from the Zig Standard Library.
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fn assert(ok: bool) void {
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fn assert(ok: bool) void {
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if (!ok) unreachable;
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if (!ok) unreachable;
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}
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}
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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ const f_paths = [_]Path{ makePath(&f, &d, 7) };
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//
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//
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// For example, we could create our own "path language" and
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// For example, we could create our own "path language" and
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// create Paths from that. Something like this, perhaps:
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// create Paths from that. Something like this, perhaps:
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//
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//
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// a -> (b[2])
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// a -> (b[2])
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// b -> (a[2] d[1])
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// b -> (a[2] d[1])
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// c -> (d[3] e[2])
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// c -> (d[3] e[2])
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
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// Versatility! Zig strings are compatible with C strings (which
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// Versatility! Zig strings are compatible with C strings (which
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// are null-terminated) AND can be coerced to a variety of other
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// are null-terminated) AND can be coerced to a variety of other
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// Zig types:
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// Zig types:
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//
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//
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// const a: [5]u8 = "array".*;
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// const a: [5]u8 = "array".*;
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// const b: *const [16]u8 = "pointer to array";
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// const b: *const [16]u8 = "pointer to array";
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// const c: []const u8 = "slice";
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// const c: []const u8 = "slice";
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// past the authorities: the @"" identifier quoting syntax.
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// past the authorities: the @"" identifier quoting syntax.
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//
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//
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// @"foo"
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// @"foo"
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//
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//
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// Please help us safely smuggle these fugitive identifiers into
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// Please help us safely smuggle these fugitive identifiers into
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// our program:
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// our program:
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//
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//
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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// If a .{} thing is what the print function wants, do we need to
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// If a .{} thing is what the print function wants, do we need to
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// break our "tuple" apart and put it in another one? No! It's
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// break our "tuple" apart and put it in another one? No! It's
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// redundant! This will print the same thing:
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// redundant! This will print the same thing:
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//
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//
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// print("{} {}\n", foo);
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// print("{} {}\n", foo);
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//
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//
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// Aha! So now we know that print() takes a "tuple". Things are
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// Aha! So now we know that print() takes a "tuple". Things are
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
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// fn bar() void {
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// fn bar() void {
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// fooThatSuspends();
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// fooThatSuspends();
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// }
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// }
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//
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//
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// 6. The main() function cannot be async!
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// 6. The main() function cannot be async!
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//
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//
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// Given facts 3 and 4, how do we fix this program (broken by facts
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// Given facts 3 and 4, how do we fix this program (broken by facts
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@ -26,4 +26,3 @@ fn foo() void {
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suspend {}
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suspend {}
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print("async!\n", .{});
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print("async!\n", .{});
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}
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}
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
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// fn bar() void {
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// fn bar() void {
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// fooThatMightSuspend(true); // Now bar() is async!
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// fooThatMightSuspend(true); // Now bar() is async!
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// }
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// }
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//
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//
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// But if you KNOW the function won't suspend, you can make a
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// But if you KNOW the function won't suspend, you can make a
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// promise to the compiler with the 'nosuspend' keyword:
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// promise to the compiler with the 'nosuspend' keyword:
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//
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//
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