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Add ex 35,36 enums; updated README
I'm changing the order of some more topics. Trying to explain the value of pointers when we're mostly dealing with stack-sized values like integers feels convoluted. So I'm starting with enums (which also has a nice segue from an earlier "switch" exercise). Then structs. Then unions (just in keeping with the order of these items on ziglearn.org) and THEN pointers and multi-pointers and slices.
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49
35_enums.zig
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49
35_enums.zig
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@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
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//
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// Remember that little mathematical virtual machine we made using the
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// "unreachable" statement? Well, there were two problems with the
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// way we were using op codes:
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//
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// 1. Having to remember op codes by number is no good.
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// 2. We had to use "unreachable" because Zig had no way of knowing
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// how many valid op codes there were.
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//
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// An "enum" is a Zig construct that lets you give names to numeric
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// values and store them in a set. They look a lot like error sets:
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//
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// const Fruit = enum{ apple, pear, orange };
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//
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// const my_fruit = Fruit.apple;
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//
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// Let's use an enum in place of the numbers we were using in the
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// previous version!
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//
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const std = @import("std");
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// Please complete the enum!
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const Ops = enum{ ??? };
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pub fn main() void {
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const operations = [_]Ops{
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Ops.inc,
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Ops.inc,
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Ops.inc,
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Ops.pow,
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Ops.dec,
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Ops.dec
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};
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var current_value: u32 = 0;
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for (operations) |op| {
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switch (op) {
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Ops.inc => { current_value += 1; },
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Ops.dec => { current_value -= 1; },
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Ops.pow => { current_value *= current_value; },
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// No "else" needed! Why is that?
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}
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std.debug.print("{} ", .{current_value});
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}
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std.debug.print("\n", .{});
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}
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61
36_enums2.zig
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61
36_enums2.zig
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@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
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//
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// Enums are really just a set of numbers. You can leave the
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// numbering up to the compiler, or you can assign them
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// explicitly. You can even specify the numeric type used.
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//
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// const Stuff = enum(u8){ foo = 16 };
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//
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// You can get the integer out with a built-in function:
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//
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// var my_stuff: u8 = @enumToInt(Stuff.foo);
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//
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// Note how that built-in function starts with "@" just like the
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// @import() function we've been using.
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//
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const std = @import("std");
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// Zig lets us write integers in hexadecimal format:
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//
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// 0xf (is the value 15 in hex)
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//
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// Web browsers let us specify colors using a hexadecimal
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// number where each byte represents the brightness of the
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// Red, Green, or Blue component (RGB) where two hex digits
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// are one byte with a value range of 0-255:
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//
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// #RRGGBB
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//
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// Please define and use a pure blue value Color:
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const Color = enum(u32){
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red = 0xff0000,
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green = 0x00ff00,
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blue = ???,
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};
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pub fn main() void {
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// Remeber Zig's multi-line strings? Here they are again.
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// Also, check out this cool format string:
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//
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// {x:0>6}
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// ^
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// x type ('x' is lower-case hexadecimal)
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// : separator (needed for format syntax)
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// 0 padding character (default is ' ')
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// > alignment ('>' aligns right)
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// 6 width (use padding to force width)
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//
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// Please add this formatting to the blue value.
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// (Even better, experiment without it, or try parts of it
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// to see what prints!)
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std.debug.print(
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\\<p>
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\\ <span style="color: #{x:0>6}">Red</span>
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\\ <span style="color: #{x:0>6}">Green</span>
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\\ <span style="color: #{}">Blue</span>
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\\</p>
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, .{
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@enumToInt(Color.red),
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@enumToInt(Color.green),
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@enumToInt(???), // Oops! We're missing something!
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});
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}
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24
README.md
24
README.md
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@ -9,6 +9,18 @@ This project was directly inspired by the brilliant and fun
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[rustlings](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings)
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[rustlings](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings)
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project for the [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/) language.
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project for the [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/) language.
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## Intended Audience
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This will probably be quite difficult if you've _never_ programmed before.
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However, no specific programming experience is required. And in particular,
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you are _not_ expected to know C or other "systems programming" language.
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Each exercise is self-contained and self-explained. However, you're encouraged
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to also check out these Zig language resources for more detail:
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* https://ziglearn.org/
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* https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/
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## Getting Started
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## Getting Started
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_Note: This currently uses a shell (Bash) script to automate the "game". A
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_Note: This currently uses a shell (Bash) script to automate the "game". A
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@ -53,7 +65,7 @@ the learning resource I wished for. There will be tons of room for improvement:
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* Wording of explanations
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* Wording of explanations
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* Idiomatic usage of Zig
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* Idiomatic usage of Zig
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* Additional exercises
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* Additional exercises
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* Re-write the `ziglings` script using the Zig build system (???)
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* Re-write the `ziglings` script using the Zig build system (or just a Zig application)
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Planned exercises:
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Planned exercises:
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@ -70,13 +82,13 @@ Planned exercises:
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* [x] Defer (and errdefer)
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* [x] Defer (and errdefer)
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* [x] Switch
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* [x] Switch
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* [x] Unreachable
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* [x] Unreachable
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* [x] Enums
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* [ ] Structs
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* [ ] Unions
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* [ ] Pointers
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* [ ] Pointers
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* [ ] Pointer sized integers
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* [ ] Pointer sized integers
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* [ ] Multi pointers
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* [ ] Multi pointers
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* [ ] Slices
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* [ ] Slices
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* [ ] Enums
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* [ ] Structs
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* [ ] Unions
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* [ ] Integer rules
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* [ ] Integer rules
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* [ ] Floats
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* [ ] Floats
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* [ ] Labelled blocks
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* [ ] Labelled blocks
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@ -91,4 +103,6 @@ Planned exercises:
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* [ ] Imports
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* [ ] Imports
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The initial topics for these exercises were unabashedly cribbed from
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The initial topics for these exercises were unabashedly cribbed from
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[ziglearn.org](https://ziglearn.org/).
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[ziglearn.org](https://ziglearn.org/). I've since moved things around
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in an order that I think best lets each topic build upon each other.
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2
ziglings
2
ziglings
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@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ check_it 31_switch2.zig "ZIG!"
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check_it 32_unreachable.zig "1 2 3 9 8 7"
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check_it 32_unreachable.zig "1 2 3 9 8 7"
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check_it 33_iferror.zig "2<4. 3<4. 4=4. 5>4. 6>4." "Seriously, what's the deal with fours?"
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check_it 33_iferror.zig "2<4. 3<4. 4=4. 5>4. 6>4." "Seriously, what's the deal with fours?"
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check_it 34_quiz4.zig "my_num=42" "Can you make this work?"
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check_it 34_quiz4.zig "my_num=42" "Can you make this work?"
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check_it 35_enums.zig "1 2 3 9 8 7" "This problem seems familiar..."
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check_it 36_enums2.zig "#0000ff" "I'm feeling blue about this."
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echo
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echo
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echo " __ __ _ "
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echo " __ __ _ "
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