build: simplify code and add tests

Simplify the code finding the exercise number from the exercise index,
when the -Dn option is set.  This is now possible since the exercise
numbers have no holes.

Add the validate_exercises function to check that exercise number are in
the correct order, and call it at the start of the build function.

Add tests, with 2 test cases.

build.zig

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const builtin = @import("builtin");
 const compat = @import("src/compat.zig");
+const tests = @import("test/tests.zig");
 
 const Build = compat.Build;
 const Step = compat.build.Step;
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ const Step = compat.build.Step;
 const assert = std.debug.assert;
 const print = std.debug.print;
 
-const Exercise = struct {
+pub const Exercise = struct {
     /// main_file must have the format key_name.zig.
     /// The key will be used as a shorthand to build
     /// just one example.
@@ -511,6 +512,7 @@ const exercises = [_]Exercise{
 
 pub fn build(b: *Build) !void {
     if (!compat.is_compatible) compat.die();
+    if (!validate_exercises()) std.os.exit(1);
 
     use_color_escapes = false;
     if (std.io.getStdErr().supportsAnsiEscapeCodes()) {
@@ -558,15 +560,12 @@ pub fn build(b: *Build) !void {
     const header_step = PrintStep.create(b, logo, std.io.getStdErr());
 
     if (exno) |i| {
-        const ex = blk: {
+        if (i == 0 or i > exercises.len - 1) {
-            for (exercises) |ex| {
-                if (ex.number() == i) break :blk ex;
-            }
-
             print("unknown exercise number: {}\n", .{i});
             std.os.exit(1);
-        };
+        }
 
+        const ex = exercises[i - 1];
         const base_name = ex.baseName();
         const file_path = std.fs.path.join(b.allocator, &[_][]const u8{
             if (use_healed) "patches/healed" else "exercises", ex.main_file,
@@ -667,6 +666,9 @@ pub fn build(b: *Build) !void {
         }
     }
     ziglings_step.dependOn(prev_step);
+
+    const test_step = b.step("test", "Run all the tests");
+    test_step.dependOn(tests.addCliTests(b, &exercises));
 }
 
 var use_color_escapes = false;
@@ -921,3 +923,23 @@ const SkipStep = struct {
         }
     }
 };
+
+// Check that each exercise number, excluding the last, forms the sequence `[1, exercise.len)`.
+fn validate_exercises() bool {
+    // Don't use the "multi-object for loop" syntax, in order to avoid a syntax error with old Zig
+    // compilers.
+    var i: usize = 0;
+    for (exercises[0 .. exercises.len - 1]) |ex| {
+        i += 1;
+        if (ex.number() != i) {
+            print(
+                "exercise {s} has an incorrect number: expected {}, got {s}\n",
+                .{ ex.main_file, i, ex.key() },
+            );
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}

test/tests.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const root = @import("../build.zig");
+
+const debug = std.debug;
+const fs = std.fs;
+
+const Build = std.build;
+const Step = Build.Step;
+const RunStep = std.Build.RunStep;
+
+const Exercise = root.Exercise;
+
+pub fn addCliTests(b: *std.Build, exercises: []const Exercise) *Step {
+    const step = b.step("test-cli", "Test the command line interface");
+
+    // We should use a temporary path, but it will make the implementation of
+    // `build.zig` more complex.
+    const outdir = "patches/healed";
+
+    fs.cwd().makePath(outdir) catch |err| {
+        debug.print("unable to make '{s}': {s}\n", .{ outdir, @errorName(err) });
+
+        return step;
+    };
+
+    {
+        const case_step = createCase(b, "case-1");
+
+        // Test that `zig build -Dn=n -Dhealed test` selects the nth exercise.
+        var i: usize = 0;
+        for (exercises[0 .. exercises.len - 1]) |ex| {
+            i += 1;
+            if (ex.skip) continue;
+
+            const patch = PatchStep.create(b, ex, outdir);
+
+            const cmd = b.addSystemCommand(
+                &.{ b.zig_exe, "build", b.fmt("-Dn={}", .{i}), "-Dhealed", "test" },
+            );
+            cmd.setName(b.fmt("zig build -D={} -Dhealed test", .{i}));
+            cmd.expectExitCode(0);
+            cmd.step.dependOn(&patch.step);
+
+            // Some exercise output has an extra space character.
+            if (ex.check_stdout)
+                expectStdOutMatch(cmd, ex.output)
+            else
+                expectStdErrMatch(cmd, ex.output);
+
+            case_step.dependOn(&cmd.step);
+        }
+
+        step.dependOn(case_step);
+    }
+
+    {
+        const case_step = createCase(b, "case-2");
+
+        // Test that `zig build -Dn=n -Dhealed test` skips disabled esercises.
+        var i: usize = 0;
+        for (exercises[0 .. exercises.len - 1]) |ex| {
+            i += 1;
+            if (!ex.skip) continue;
+
+            const cmd = b.addSystemCommand(
+                &.{ b.zig_exe, "build", b.fmt("-Dn={}", .{i}), "-Dhealed", "test" },
+            );
+            cmd.setName(b.fmt("zig build -D={} -Dhealed test", .{i}));
+            cmd.expectExitCode(0);
+            cmd.expectStdOutEqual("");
+            expectStdErrMatch(cmd, b.fmt("{s} skipped", .{ex.main_file}));
+
+            case_step.dependOn(&cmd.step);
+        }
+
+        step.dependOn(case_step);
+    }
+
+    const cleanup = b.addRemoveDirTree(outdir);
+    step.dependOn(&cleanup.step);
+
+    return step;
+}
+
+fn createCase(b: *Build, name: []const u8) *Step {
+    const case_step = b.allocator.create(Step) catch @panic("OOM");
+    case_step.* = Step.init(.{
+        .id = .custom,
+        .name = name,
+        .owner = b,
+    });
+
+    return case_step;
+}
+
+// Apply a patch to the specified exercise.
+const PatchStep = struct {
+    const join = fs.path.join;
+
+    const exercises_path = "exercises";
+    const patches_path = "patches/patches";
+
+    step: Step,
+    exercise: Exercise,
+    outdir: []const u8,
+
+    pub fn create(owner: *Build, exercise: Exercise, outdir: []const u8) *PatchStep {
+        const self = owner.allocator.create(PatchStep) catch @panic("OOM");
+        self.* = .{
+            .step = Step.init(.{
+                .id = .custom,
+                .name = "Patch",
+                .owner = owner,
+                .makeFn = make,
+            }),
+            .exercise = exercise,
+            .outdir = outdir,
+        };
+
+        return self;
+    }
+
+    fn make(step: *Step, _: *std.Progress.Node) !void {
+        const b = step.owner;
+        const self = @fieldParentPtr(PatchStep, "step", step);
+        const exercise = self.exercise;
+        const name = exercise.baseName();
+
+        // Use the POSIX patch variant.
+        const file = join(b.allocator, &.{ exercises_path, exercise.main_file }) catch
+            @panic("OOM");
+        const patch = join(b.allocator, &.{ patches_path, b.fmt("{s}.patch", .{name}) }) catch
+            @panic("OOM");
+        const output = join(b.allocator, &.{ self.outdir, exercise.main_file }) catch
+            @panic("OOM");
+
+        const argv = &.{ "patch", "-i", patch, "-o", output, file };
+
+        var child = std.process.Child.init(argv, b.allocator);
+        child.stdout_behavior = .Ignore; // the POSIX standard says that stdout is not used
+        _ = try child.spawnAndWait();
+    }
+};
+
+//
+// Missing functions from std.Build.RunStep
+//
+
+/// Adds a check for stderr match. Does not add any other checks.
+pub fn expectStdErrMatch(self: *RunStep, bytes: []const u8) void {
+    const new_check: RunStep.StdIo.Check = .{
+        .expect_stderr_match = self.step.owner.dupe(bytes),
+    };
+    self.addCheck(new_check);
+}
+
+/// Adds a check for stdout match as well as a check for exit code 0, if
+/// there is not already an expected termination check.
+pub fn expectStdOutMatch(self: *RunStep, bytes: []const u8) void {
+    const new_check: RunStep.StdIo.Check = .{
+        .expect_stdout_match = self.step.owner.dupe(bytes),
+    };
+    self.addCheck(new_check);
+    if (!self.hasTermCheck()) {
+        self.expectExitCode(0);
+    }
+}